Helium is inert and the least soluble of all gases in liquids and is therefore used as a pressurization. Being inert, helium is used as a constituent in neutral atmospheres e.g., in heat treatment applications requiring a protective atmosphere.
Helium is used extensively in the welding industry as an inert shielding gas for arc welding. It is also used in conjunction with helium (“leak”) detectors to test the integrity of fabricated components and systems.
Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, flammable gas and the lightest known gas. Hydrogen is generally non-corrosive, but at high pressures and temperatures, hydrogen can cause embrittlement in some steel grades. Hydrogen is non-toxic, but not life-sustaining, it is a suffocating agent.
High purity hydrogen finds widespread usage in the electronics industry as a reducing agent and as a carrier gas.
Nitrogen is used in large quantities in the chemical industry for blanketing, purging and pressure transfer of flammable chemicals.
High purity nitrogen is used in large quantities by the semiconductor industry as a purge or carrier gas as well as for blanketing equipment such as furnaces when not in production.
Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and non-toxic inert gas. Liquid nitrogen is colorless. The relative density of gas at 21.1℃ and 101.3kPa is 0.967. Nitrogen is not flammable. It can combine with some particularly active metals such as lithium and magnesium to form nitrides, and can also combine with hydrogen, oxygen and other elements at high temperatures. Nitrogen is a simple asphyxiant.
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