Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a colorless liquid or gas known for its extreme corrosiveness. Composed of fluorine and hydrogen, it is soluble in water, releasing a significant amount of heat upon dissolution to form hydrofluoric acid aqueous solutions. Hydrofluoric acid is unique in its ability to corrode glass and metals and can react with many organic and inorganic substances.

Industrially, hydrofluoric acid is extensively used in petroleum refining, pharmaceutical production, the synthesis of high-purity inorganic substances and organic fluorocompounds, and glass etching. Its reactivity with silicon makes it indispensable in semiconductor manufacturing and glass cleaning processes.