Characteristics of Accidents Involving Common Water-Reactive Hazardous Chemicals and Emergency Response Strategies
Ⅰ、Substances with Explosion Hazard When Reacting with Water 1. Sodium (Na) Water Reaction: Sodium is highly reactive and can burn in the presence of oxygen, chlorine, fluorine, or bromine vapors. When it comes into contact with water or moisture, it reacts violently to release hydrogen gas, generating significant heat that can cause fires or explosions. Sodium metal exposed to air or oxygen can self-ignite and explode, causing molten droplets to scatter. It reacts vigorously with halogens, phosphorus, many oxides, oxidizing agents, and acids. When burning, it produces a yellow flame. It starts to vaporize at 100°C, and the vapor can erode glass. Emergency Response and Firefighting Measures: Water, halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g.,